Nature Of True Knowledge – In Gita Verse 18.42 Peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, tolerance, honesty, knowledge, wisdom and religiousness – these are the natural qualities by which the brāhmaṇas work.
Bhagavad Gita Verse 18.42 elucidates the intrinsic qualities that define the actions and nature of a Brahmin. These attributes include peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, tolerance, honesty, knowledge, wisdom, and religiousness. The verse serves as a guiding framework for understanding the ethical and spiritual conduct expected of a Brahmin.
The concept of “Sham” emphasises the control of conscience. This state is characterised by an inner tranquillity where the mind is no longer disturbed by extraneous thoughts or emotions. When one achieves this level of control, the mind operates efficiently when needed and rests when not, signifying mastery over one’s conscience.
“Dam” refers to the suppression of senses. In this context, a person is no longer driven by sensory impulses. For instance, the sight of a beautiful woman would not distract someone who has mastered their senses. This control ensures that the mind remains focused and undisturbed, maintaining a state of inner equilibrium.
“Shaucha” pertains to the purification of both the inner and outer self. This implies not just physical cleanliness but also mental and emotional purity. A person embodying Shaucha remains free from the clutter of disorder and negativity, ensuring a harmonious state of being.
“Tapa” denotes the willingness to endure suffering for the sake of religious or spiritual growth. This quality is about embracing challenges and hardships if they lead to purification, peace, or the discovery of truth. It signifies a higher aspiration beyond mere happiness, focusing instead on the pursuit of truth and spiritual enlightenment.
“Kshanti” involves the development of a forgiving nature. True peace cannot be achieved without the ability to forgive. In a world filled with diverse opinions and actions, holding onto grudges and being unable to forgive leads to inner turmoil. Therefore, a peaceful person naturally cultivates a forgiving disposition.
“Arjava” signifies simplicity and naturalness of mind, senses, and body. It is akin to the innocence and straightforwardness of a child. This quality reflects a life lived with authenticity and without pretension.
Theistic intellect is another crucial attribute. It is characterised by an innate inclination towards affirmation and faith. People with a theistic intellect naturally say “yes” more easily and find it difficult to say “no.” This positive outlook and inherent faith distinguish them from those with an atheistic mindset, who often operate from a place of denial and prohibition.
The distinction between knowledge and knowing is fundamental. Traditional scriptures, including the Bhagavad Gita, differentiate between general knowledge (of the world and matter) and special knowledge (self-realisation). General knowledge is akin to what we today call science, whereas special knowledge pertains to the understanding of the self. The former is information gathered from external sources, while the latter is an inner growth, an authentic realisation of one’s true nature. These are the natural characteristics of a Brahmin. This is his nature.
To illustrate the nature of true knowledge, consider an anecdote from Buddhass life. While passing through a village of Brahmins, Buddha was subjected to severe insults. Despite their efforts to provoke him, Buddha remained calm and composed, showing no reaction to their harsh words. This unshakable serenity puzzled and embarrassed the Brahmins, who eventually asked, “Are you not listening? Why do you stand there silently as we insult you? Have you gone deaf or dumb?”
Buddha responded, “I understand your concerns and embarrassment, but you are too late. Had you come ten years earlier, I might have reacted. Now, these provocations have no effect on me. I have transcended such reactions.”
This narrative illustrates that true knowledge transcends the mere accumulation of information, resulting in a profound transformation of one’s inner self. It brings about a qualitative change, elevating consciousness and dissolving the ego, fostering deep humility and a sense of interconnectedness with the universe. True knowledge shifts one’s perspective and way of being, allowing individuals to rise above ordinary reactions and attain profound inner peace. This evolution is akin to outgrowing childish attachments, realising the vastness and mystery of life, and embracing a deeper sense of humility and interconnectedness.
In this verse, Krishna explains, peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, tolerance, honesty, knowledge, wisdom, and religiousness – are the natural attributes of a Brahmin. These qualities are not just ethical guidelines but are indicative of a deeper, transformative journey towards self-realisation and inner peace. They reflect a state of being where one is in harmony with oneself and the universe, embodying the true essence of spiritual wisdom.
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